语法填空解题技巧

Teaching aims:

  1. Enables the students to know about the characteristics of the Grammatical cloze.
  2. Master some skills to deal with it.

Teaching difficult points:

   Enable the students to know some skills about Grammatical cloze and to deal with it.

Step 1 Teaching tasks

Task 1: Brief introduction

  1. 语法填空主要考查阅读、理解语篇的能力。
  2. 语法填空主要考查分析句子结构的能力。
  3. 语法填空主要考查语法、短语的能力。

Task 2: Discover some skills

括号内给出动词的原型,做题时首先找出句子的主干,确定主句,如果缺谓语,就要根据上下文语境和意思确定动词的数、时态、语态和语气。

  1. 考查在语境中判断动词的语态。常考的时态为;

现在:一般现在,一般将来,现在进行、现在完成。

过去:一般过去,过去进行,过去将来,过去完成。

2、时间、条件、等状语从句中动词的时态(主将从现)(if/unless/as soon as/after/before/when 等);

3. 时态标志;

4. 时态一致性原则;

5. 上下文语境:

Step 2 Exercise

阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Australia    1  (lie)in the smallest continent—Oceania大洋洲. It is a mainly dry country, whose big cities lie on the southeast coast. This is    2    most Australians live. The centre of the continent, which is mainly desert and dry grassland, has few    3   (settlement).

Australia is a popular destination attracting many tourists    4   (come)to experience its unique ecology, so efficient transport is of great importance. With the economy    5   (grow), its industries develop    6   (rapid)—a higher level of production, a wider range of products.

Although Australian states are autonomous, it has a federal government    7   (responsibility)for matters that affect people all over the country. The federal government is    8   (locate)in Canberra. Therepresentatives of other countries have their embassies 大使馆here. Australia wants to strengthen relations with her neighbors.

Australia is    9   strange land, a land of vast expansesfertile肥沃的、富饶的 valleys, snow fields and desertsalso a land with unique animals, many of which can not    10  (find)on any other continent in the world.

解析:【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了澳大利亚的地理位置、人文环境和政治情况等。

1.【答案】lies

【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。此处陈述客观事实,使用一般现在时,主语为Australia,谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填lies句意:澳大利亚位于最小的大陆——大洋洲。

2.【答案】where

【解析】考查表语从句。空处引导表语从句,从句缺少地点状语,需用连接副词where引导。故填where。句意:这是大多数澳大利亚人居住的地方。

3.【答案】settlements

【解析】考查词形转换(名词复数)settlement是可数名词,few后面需加名词复数形式。故填settlements。句意:大陆的中心地带主要是沙漠和干草原,几乎没有定居点。

4.【答案】to come

【解析】考查非谓语动词。attract sb. to do sth.吸引某人做某事,空处需填动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to come。句意:澳大利亚是一个很受欢迎的旅游目的地,吸引了很多游客来体验它独特的生态,所以高效的交通非常重要。

5.【答案】growing

【解析】考查非谓语动词。“with+宾语+宾语补足语”为固定用法,空处需填非谓语动词作宾语补足语,the economygrow为主谓关系,需填现在分词形式。故填growing

6.【答案】rapidly

【解析】考查词性转换(副词)。空处修饰动词develop需填副词作状语。故填rapidly句意:随着经济的增长,中国的工业发展迅速——生产水平更高,产品种类更广。

7.【答案】responsible

【解析】考查词性转换(形容词)be responsible for为固定短语,意为“为……负责”,此处需用形容词短语作后置定语,修饰名词government故填responsible。句意:虽然澳大利亚各州都是自治的,但它有一个联邦政府,负责影响全国各地人民的事。

8.【答案】located

【解析】考查动词短语。be located in位于,故填located。句意:联邦政府位于堪培拉。

9.【答案】a

【解析】考查冠词。land为可数名词,此处表示泛指,且strange发音以辅音音素开头,需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a

10.【答案】be found

【解析】考查被动语态。can为情态动词,后面需加动词原形,which指代animals,和find为被动关系,需用被动语态。故填be found。句意:澳大利亚是一块奇怪的土地,一片广袤的土地——肥沃的山谷、雪原和沙漠——也是一块拥有独特动物的土地,其中许多动物在世界上任何其他大陆上都找不到。

Step 3 Conclusion

The teacher helps the students to make a conclusion.

Step 4 Homework

   To find some exercise about Grammatical cloze and finish it by yourself.

 

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